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* –ism 主義,學說,狀態
ex: Humanism, Individualism, Emotionalism

1.Humanism is a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence (rationalismempiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism).

 

2. Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group,while opposing external interference upon one's own interests by society or institutions such as the government.

 

3. Emotionalism, in its meaning as a research paradigm, refers to an approach to conducting research studies that provides a gateway to understanding people's experiences through the use of social inquiry methodologies such as ethnography.

 

 grant [grant, grahnt]

Definition:

1.to bestow or confer, especially by a formal act: to grant a charter.

2.to give or accord: to grant permission.

3.to agree or accede to: to grant a request.

4.to admit or concede; accept for the sake of argument: I grant that point.

5.to transfer or convey, especially by deed or writing: to grant property.

Origin: 
1175–1225; Middle English gra ( u ) nten  < Old French graunter, 

 variant of crëanter  < Vulgar Latin *credentāre, verbal derivative of Latin crēdent-, 

 stem of crēdēns,  present participle of crēdere  to believe

Example:

In truth, this who would grant  is no longerdirected to the beloved lover.

 

appropriation

Definition:

the money thus authorized: a large appropriation for aid to libraries.

Origin: 
1325–75; Middle English  (< Middle French ) < Late Latin appropriātiōn-  

(stem of appropriātiō ). Seeappropriate-ion

Example:

The politics cut the money and theappropriation  is small.

 

 –ant代表人物or身分

ex: applicant, servant, participant

 

1. applicant: a person who applies for or requests something

One applicant  causes astonishment when heknocks on the door of the school.

 

2. servant: a person in the service of another.

The second servant  said that he had receivedtwo talents, and he had made two  

 talents more.

 

3. participant: a person or group that participates; partaker.

Participant s were to decide how much hotsauce to give to a participant   

purportedly takingpart in a food-tasting study.

 

 Mount Rushmore National Memorial

 

Sculptures of George Washington, Thomas JeffersonTheodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln (left to right) represent the first 130 years of the history of the United States.

美國四大總統  

The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore near KeystoneSouth Dakota, in the United States. Sculpted by Danish-American Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of four United States presidentsGeorge Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865).[1] The entire memorial covers 1,278.45 acres (5.17 km2)[2] and is 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.

 

The Declaration of Independence By Max McLean

the declaration of independence  

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uE-tqe0xsQ

 

* Paul Revere’s Ride by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)

 Paul Revere’s Ride 1Paul Revere’s Ride  

This poem describes the action-packed night of April 18, 1775, the famous ride of Paul Revere. It starts in Boston, where Paul and a friend are talking about the British army. They think the soldiers are going to leave Boston that night, but they aren't sure whether they will go by land or sea.

Paul has a plan to warn people in the countryside about the British coming, but he needs to know which direction they are taking. So the two men agree on a secret code: Paul's friend will signal him by hanging one lantern in the church belfry (the tall tower in a church where the bells are hung) if the British are marching out on land, two lanterns if they are leaving in boats. After agreeing on this plan, Paul rows across the river and waits for the signal.

Paul's buddy in Boston snoops around and finds out that the British are going with the boats. So he climbs up to the church steeple, takes a moment to look around, sees the British ships, and hangs out his two lanterns.

On the other side of the river, Paul is all ready to go. He sits on his horse, fiddles with his saddle, and watches the church. Suddenly, he sees the signal and takes off to let the people in the countryside know that the British are coming by sea. He races through the countryside, hitting a new town every hour and calling out to warn people in each place. By midnight he's in Medford, by one he's made it to Lexington, and by two, he gets to Concord.

That's about all we hear about the actual ride. The rest of the poem gives a quick, simple review of the battles that happened the next day. It closes by telling us that, in some spooky way, Paul Revere's warning will echo down through history, whenever the country is in trouble. Makes him sound a little like Batman, doesn't it – although "The Midnight Ride of Batman" wouldn't be such a catchy title.

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